Dheeraj ki Pathshala

Osmosis :  ✓ Spontaneous uni-directional movement of solvent through semi permeable membrane from lower concentration of solution to higher concentration of solution is known as osmosis. [ Here Lower concentration of solution means  a Diluted solution ( in which amount of solute is less than the amount of solvent. ) And higher concentration of solution means a concentrated solution ( in which amount of solute is more than amount of solvent .) Semipermeable membrane (SPM) :  membrane having a network of submicroscopic holes or pores by which small molecule like solvent can pass through it but larger molecule like salute is hindered is known as semi permeable membrane. ] Osmotic pressure (π) :  ✓ The extra pressure applied on the side of solution so that the net flow of solvent through the semipermeable membrane is stoped , the extra pressure is known as osmotic pressure. ✓ Osmotic pressure represent as pi (π). By experiment it is found that os...

Solution :  Definition of Solution : ✓  Solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more than two components. [ Homogeneous mixture : those mixture which have uniform properties and composition. ] Components of solution : There are two component in solution 1. Salute :  ✓ One of the components of the solution that are lesser in amount is known as Solute. 2. Solvent : Those component of the solution that are present in large amount, is known as Solvent. Examples :  H2O + Salt H2O + Sugar On the basis of Solvent , solution are characterized into three groups ;  1. Solid solution 2. Liquid solution 3. Gaseous solution 1. Solid solution : ✓ Those solution in which solid components are present in solution as a solvent ( i.e. Higher in amount ) is known as Solid solution. ✓ Solid solution are of three types (a) Solid solute + solid solvent  ( Ex- mixture of copper and gold ) (b) Li...

Classification of carbohydrates on the basis of their hydrolytic behaviour in water :  They are characterized into three groups  1. Monosaccharides  2. Oligosaccharides and  3. Polysaccharides [1]. Monosaccharides :  ✓  Those carbohydrates that give one unit of monosaccharides on hydrolysis is known as Monosaccharides. ✓ monosaccharides are single and simplest unit of carbohydrate. ✓ monosaccharides are also known as basic unit of carbohydrates. ✓ monosaccharides are not further hydrolysed into their simplest form of carbohydrate. Examples:   Glucose ( C6H12O6 ) Fructose ( C6H12O6 ) Galactose ( C6H12O6 ) etc. [2]. Oligosaccharides : ✓  Those carbohydrates that give 2 to 10 units of Monosaccharides on hydrolysis is known as Oligosaccharides. √  if Oligosaccharides hydrolysed into 2 unit of monosaccharides then it is known as disaccharides. Example of disaccharides :  Sucrose ( Glucose + Fructose ) maltose ( Glucose + Glucose ) Lact...