Classification of carbohydrates | Monosaccharides | Oligosaccharides Polysaccharides |

Classification of carbohydrates on the basis of their hydrolytic behaviour in water : 

They are characterized into three groups 

1. Monosaccharides 

2. Oligosaccharides and 

3. Polysaccharides

[1]. Monosaccharides : 

✓  Those carbohydrates that give one unit of monosaccharides on hydrolysis is known as Monosaccharides.

✓ monosaccharides are single and simplest unit of carbohydrate.

✓ monosaccharides are also known as basic unit of carbohydrates.

✓ monosaccharides are not further hydrolysed into their simplest form of carbohydrate.

Examples:  

Glucose ( C6H12O6 )

Fructose ( C6H12O6 )

Galactose ( C6H12O6 ) etc.

[2]. Oligosaccharides :

✓  Those carbohydrates that give 2 to 10 units of Monosaccharides on hydrolysis is known as Oligosaccharides.

√  if Oligosaccharides hydrolysed into 2 unit of monosaccharides then it is known as disaccharides.

Example of disaccharides : 

Sucrose ( Glucose + Fructose )

maltose ( Glucose + Glucose )

Lactose ( Glucose + Galactose )

√  if Oligosaccharides hydrolyse into

3 unit  = trisaccharide

4 unit = tetrasaccharide

5 unit = pentasaccharides

And so on....

[3]. Polysaccharides :

Those carbohydrates that give more than 10 units of monosaccharides on hydrolysis is known as Polysaccharides.

Examples : 

Starch

Cellulose